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General Morphology Reference List

Alphabetical by Author

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This reference list concerns books and articles in English on General Morphology, its methodology and applications. It will be updated periodically and we welcome any relevant additions. Contact us at:

Álvarez, A. (2014). "The Norris Brothers Ltd. morphological approach to engineering design - an early example of applied morphological analysis." Acta Morphological Generalis, Vol. 3, No. 2. [Download PDF]

Álvarez, A. & Ritchey, T. (2015). "Applications of General Morphological Analysis: From Engineering Design to Policy Analysis", Acta Morphologica Generalis, Vol.4 No.1. [Download PDF]

Álvarez, A. & Toja, P. (2018) "An informal survey on the application of General Morphological Analysis in the private sector" , in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.) (2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier.

Andersson, J., Hellsmark, H. & Sandén, B. (2021) The outcomes of directionality: Towards a morphology of sociotechnical systems, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, Volume 40, pp. 108-131.

Arciszewski, T. (1985) "Decision-Making Parameters and Their Computer-Aided Morphological Analysis for Wind Bracings in Steel Skeleton Structures". Advances in Tall Buildings, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company.

Arciszewski, T.(1987) "Mathematical Modelling of Morphological Analysis", Mathematical Modelling, Volume 8, Pages 52-56.

Arciszewski, T. (2018) "Morphological Analysis in Inventive Engineering", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol 126, Elsevier.

Arciszewski, T. & Ziarko, W. (1988) Verification of Morphological Table based on Probabilistic Rough Sets Approach, Particulate Science and Technology 6, pp.193-205.

Arens, S., Schlüters, S., Hanke, B., von Maydell, K. & Agert, C. (2020) Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis, Energies 13, 432.

Ayres, Robert U. (1969) "Morphological Analysis", inTechnological Forecasting and Long Range Planning, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1969, Chap. 5, pp. 72-93.

Baaij, M. (2021) Inside the Black Box of Strategy: Sequential Synthesis. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.3861489.

Bai, J. Y. H., Müskens, W., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Loglo, F. S. (2023). Future prospects of artificial intelligence in education: Developing strategic scenarios to engage educators. In T. Cochrane, V. Narayan, C. Brown, K. MacCallum, E. Bone, C. Deneen, R. Vanderburg, & B. Hurren (Eds.), People, partnerships and pedagogies. Proceedings ASCILITE 2023. Christchurch (pp. 22-29). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14742/apubs.2023.534

Balogun, S, Abdul-Jalil, M & Mohd-Taib, J. (2023) An Approach to Logical Compatibility Determination for Solution Principles in Morphological Matrix-Based Conceptual Design, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering (IJAME) 20(1), pp. 10211-10230.

Balouli , H. & Chine, L. (2019). Morphological analysis of agricultural entrepreneurship in Algeria using Morphol method. Roa Iktissadia Review, 9(1), 113-120.

Bapiri, J., Esfandiar, K. & O'Connor, P. (2024) Business models of multisided platforms for in-destination tours and activities: a morphological analysis approach, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 41(6), pp. 828-848.

Baray,J. & Cliquet, G. (2007) Delineating Store Trade Areas through Morphological Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 182 (2), pp. 886-98.

Bardenhagen, A. & Rakov, D. (2019) Advanced Morphological Approach in Aerospace Design during Conceptual Stage, Facta Universitatis Series: Mechanical Engineering 17(3) pp. 321 - 332,DOI: 10.22190/FUME180110005B

Bardenhagen, A., Pecheykina , M., Rakov , D., & Todorov , V. (2022). Automation of the conceptual design in engineering project management based on morphological approach. Reports in Mechanical Engineering, 3(1), 135-144.

Beinke, M., Beinke, J.H., Anton, E. et al. (2024) Breaking the chains of traditional finance: A taxonomy of decentralized finance business models. Electron Markets 34(1).

Belaziz, M., Bouras, A. & Brun, J-M (2000) "Morphological analysis for product design", Computer-aided Design - CAD , 32(5-6).

Bergaust, J. & Sellevåg, S. (2024) Improved conceptualising of hybrid interference below the threshold of armed conflict, European Security 33(2), pp. 169-195.

Bezerra, C. & Owen C. L. (2000) "Evolutionary Structured Planning. A Computer-Supported Methodology for the Conceptual Planning Process", in Gero, J. (ed.) (2000) Artificial Intelligence in Design'00, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Bhardwaj, R., Weerawardena, J. & Srivastava, S. (2023) Advancing Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Morphological Analysis and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, pp. 1-35. DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2023.2199748.

Bianchi, M. & Amara, D. (2021) A Method to Create Hybrid Models: Using a Morphological Matrix, Journal of Modern Project Management 9(1), pp 48-63.

Blümlein, N. (2013) Function-based Cost Estimation for Service Robot Prototypes in Early Design Phases, Institut für Steuerungstechnik der Werkzeugmaschinen und Fertigungseinrichtungen (ISW) der Universität Stuttgart, Fraunhofer Verlag.

Börekçi, N. (2018) Design Divergence Using the Morphological Chart, Design and Technology Education, 23(3), pp. 62-86.

Bridgewater, A. V.: "Morphological Methods - Principles and Practice." Technological Forecasting. R. V. Arnfield, ed. Conference on Technological Forecasting, University of Strathclyde, 1968. Edinburgh: University Press, 1969, pp. 241-252.

Bridgewater, A. V. "Long Range Process Design and Morphological Analysis." The Chemical Engineer, April 1968, pp. 75-81.

Bridgewater, A. (1969) "Morphological Methods - Principles and Practice", in Arnfield, R. (ed.) (1969) Technological Forecasting, University of Strathclyde. Edinburgh University Press.

Buvarp, P. (2023) The Space of Influence: Developing a New Method to Conceptualise Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference on Social Media, Journal of Information Warfare, 22(2), pp. 31-51.

Buzuku, S., Kraslawski, A. & Kari Harmaa (2015) Supplementing Morphological Analysis with a Design Structure Matrix for Policy Formulation in a Wastewater Treatment Plant, International Dependency and Structure Modeling Conference, DSM.

Buzuku, S. (2019) Enhancement of Decision-Making In Complex Organizations: A Systems Engineering Approach, Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology), Acta Universitatis, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT.

Buzuku S., Kraslawski A. (2019) Optimized Morphological Analysis in Decision-Making. In: Chechurin L., Collan M. (eds) Advances in Systematic Creativity. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Buzuku, S., Farfan Orozco, F., Harmaa, K., Kraslawski, A. & Kässi, T. (2019), A Case Study of Complex Policy Design: The Systems Engineering Approach, Complexity (9), pp. 1-23.

Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D. & Robertson, G.G. (1991) "A Morphological Analysis of the Design Space of Input Devices", ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 9(2). Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.

Carlsen, H. et. al. (2016) Choosing small sets of policy-relevant scenarios by combining vulnerability and diversity approaches, Environmental Modelling & Software, Volume 84, pp. 155-164.

Carlsen, H., Talebian, S., Pedde, S. & Kok, K. (2024) Diversity in global environmental scenario sets, Global Environmental Change, Volume 86, 102839.

Chakraborty, D., Rengaswamy, R. & Raman, K. (2021). Designing biological circuits: from principles to applications. ACS Synth. Biol. 11(4), pp. 1377-1388.

Chawla, A. (2018) An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Functional Ordering on Morphological Chart Exploration. All Theses. 2825. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2825.

Chawla, A., & Summers, J. D. (2019) How Function Ordering Within Morphological Charts Influence Exploration. ASME. J. Mech. Des. 141(9).

Chen, J. and Lai, Ch. (2010) "The theory of morphological analysis applied to western apparel?a case study of Renaissance era", International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 10(4)

Choi, Ji-Young; Lee, Hee-Jo; Lee, Myoung-Jin (2022) Future Scenarios of the Data-Driven Healthcare Economy in South Korea, Healthcare 10(5).

Correia da Silva, L. (2011) "Morphological Analysis of the Introduction of Electric Vehicles in São Paulo's Urban Traffic", Future Studies Research Journal, São Paulo, 3(1).

Coyle, R.G.: Practical Strategy: A Structured Approach and Techniques, Pearson Education, London, 2004.

Coyle, R. G., Crawshay, R. and Sutton, L.: Futures Assessments by Field Anomaly Relaxation, Futures 26(1), 25-43 (1994).

Coyle, R. G., McGlone, G. R.: Projection Scenarios for South-east Asia and the South-west Pacific, Futures 27(1), 65-79 (1995).

Coyle, R.G. and Yong, Y. C.: A Scenario Projection for the South China Sea. Futures 28 (3), 269-283 (1996).

Cucurachi, S., Steubing, B. Siebler, F., Navarre, N., Caldeira, C. & Sala, S. (2022) Prospective LCA methodology for Novel and Emerging Technologies for BIO-based products - The PLANET BIO project., Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2022, doi:10.2760/167543, JRC129632.

Curtis, S. &, Mont, O. (2020) Sharing economy business models for sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production 266, 121519 , pp. 1-15.

Dartnall, J. & Johnston, S. (2004) "Trend-Morph-PDS: A Methodology for Innovative (Mechanical) Engineering Design". ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Volume 3 (2004), Manchester.

Dartnall, J. & Johnston, S. (2005) Morphological Analysis (MA) leading to Innovative Mechanical Design, International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 05 Melbourne

Delpierre, M. et. al. (2021) Assessing the environmental impacts of wind-based hydrogen production in the Netherlands using ex-ante LCA and scenarios analysis, Journal of Cleaner Production 299, pp. 1-12.

de Waal, A. & Ritchey, T.: Combining morphological analysis and Bayesian networks for strategic decision support, ORiON, Volume 23 (2), pp. 105–121 (2007). [Download PDF]

Diaz, A., Schoeggl, J-P., Reyes, T. & Baumgartner, R. (2021) Exploring Sustainable Product Development Processes for a Circular Economy through Morphological Analysis, International Conference On Engineering Design - Iced21, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Diaz , A., Reyes, T. & Baumgartner, R. (2022) Implementing circular economy strategies during product development, Resources, Conservation & Recycling 184.

Diaz, A. & Baumgartner, R. (2024) A managerial approach to product planning for a circular economy: Strategy implementation and evaluation support, Journal of Cleaner Production. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140829]

Dolata, M. & Aleya, K. B. (2022) Morphological Analysis for Design Science Research: The Case of Human-Drone Collaboration in Emergencies. In The Transdisciplinary Reach of Design Science Research: 17th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2022, St Petersburg, FL, Proceedings. Springer-Verlag.

Dragomira, M., Banyaia, D., Dragomira, D., Popescub, F. & Cristeb, A. (2016) Efficiency and resilience in product design by using morphological charts, Energy Procedia 85, pp. 206-210.

Droste-Franke, B., Voge, M. & Kanngießer, A. (2020) Achieving transparency and robustness of regional energy scenarios by using morphological fields, Energy Strategy Reviews, 27.

Duczynski, G. (2004) “Systems Approaches to Economic Development for Indigenous People: A Case Study of the Noongar Aboriginals of Australia”, Futures 36(8).

Duczynski, G. (2017) "Morphological analysis as an aid to organisational design and transformation", Futures, Volume 86, Elsevier.

Duczynski, G. (2018) "Investigating traffic congestion: Targeting technological and social interdependencies through general morphological analysis", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Dufva, M., Koivisto, R., Ilmola-Sheppard, L., & Junno, S. 2017. Anticipating Alternative Futures for the Platform Economy. Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(9): 6-16. http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1102.

Dutta, A, Roy,R. & Seetharaman, P. (2022) An assimilation maturity model for IT governance and auditing, Information & Management 59(1).

Elmsalmi, M., Hachicha, W,; Aljuaid, A. (2021) Modeling Sustainable Risks Mitigation Strategies Using a Morphological Analysis-Based Approach. Sustainability 13, 12210.

Eriksson, T. & Ritchey, T.: Scenario Development Using Computerized Morphological Analysis, Presented at the Winchester International OR Conference, England, 2002. [See Ritchey, 2009 below]

Eriksson, P. & Hallberg, N. (2019) Design to Fit - Morphological Analysis as a Tool for Exercise Design, in Franco, Z., González, J. & Canós, J. (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th ISCRAM Conference, València, Spain.

Evbuomwan, N. (1997) "Generation of Design Solutions using Morphological Analysis", International Conference on Engineering Design, Iced 97, Tampere.

Fátima Teles, M. (2022) "A General Morphological Analysis for Mapping Strategic Sustainability Decision-Making in Public Transport Companies", [Full name: Maria de Fátima Carvalho de Sampaio Teles], Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto. [Downloaded from: https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/143081/2/573722.PDF]

Fátima Teles M. & Freire de Sousa J.(2016) An Operations Research-Based Morphological Analysis to Support Environmental Management Decision-Making. In: Liu S., Delibaši? B., Oderanti F. (eds) Decision Support Systems VI - Addressing Sustainability and Societal Challenges. ICDSST 2016. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 250. Springer

Fátima Teles, M. & Freire de Sousa, J. (2017) General Morphological Analysis to Support Strategic Management Decisions in Public Transport Companies, Transportation Research Procedia 22, pp. 509-518.

Fátima Teles, M. & Freire de Sousa, J. (2018) "Linking Fields with GMA: Sustainability, Companies, People and OR", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126. Elsevier.

Feng, X & Fuhai, L. (2012) "Patent text mining and informetric-based patent technology morphological analysis: an empirical study", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(5).

Fernandez, A., Britton, N., & Ritchey, T. (2006) Application of a Prototype Morphological Model for Earthquake Disaster Risk Management, 2nd Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Manila, Philippines.

Fontenelle, F. & Borsato, M. (2022) A morphological approach to reviewing the literature on evaluation and selection of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf equipment for Defense, Product, Management & Development 20(2), pp. 1-16.

Foray, D. & Grübler, A. (1991) "Morphological Analysis, Diffusion and Lockout of Technologies", Research Policy, Vol.19, pp. 535-550.

Franco, N, Almeida, M. & Calili, R. (2021) A strategic measurement framework to monitor and evaluate circularity performance in organizations from a transition perspective, Sustainable Production and Consumption 27, pp. 1165-1182.

Freni, P., Ferro, E. & Moncada, R. /2011) Tokenomics and blockchain tokens: A design-oriented morphological framework, Blockchain: Research and Applications 3(1).

Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A. & Storbacka, K (2015) "Managing Co-creation Design: A Strategic Approach to Innovation", British Journal of Management, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8551.12087

Garnett, K., Delgado, J., Lickorish, F., Pollard, S., Medina-Vaya, A., Magan, N., Leinster, P. & Terry, L. (2023) Future foods: Morphological scenarios to explore changes in the UK food system with implications for food safety across the food chain, Futures 149(8), pp. 1-16.

Gcaza, N., von Solms, R., Grobler, M. & van Vuuren, J. (2017), "A general morphological analysis: delineating a cyber-security culture", Information and Computer Security, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 259-278.

George, D., Renu R., Mocko G. (2013) Concept Generation Through Morphological and Options Matrices. In: Chakrabarti A., Prakash R. (eds) ICoRD'13. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, India.

George, D., Linnerud, B. & Mocko, G. (2014) Integrated Idea Generation Method for Concept Generation Using Morphological and Options Matrices, Proceedings TMCE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 1-12.

Gerardin, L: "Morphological Analysis: A Method for Creativity." A Guide to Practical Technological Forecasting. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Gerlach, J., Hoppe, P., Jagels, S. et al. (2022) Decision support for efficient XAI services - A morphological analysis, business model archetypes, and a decision tree. Electron Markets. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00603-6.

Gerlach, J., Eckhoff, S. & Breitner, M. (2024) Decision Support for Strategic Microgrid Design Integrating Governance, Business, Intelligence, Communication, and Physical Perspectives. Sustainable Cities and Society. 105672. 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105672.

Geum, Y. & Park, Y., 2016. How to generate creative ideas for innovation: a hybrid approach of WordNet and morphological analysis. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Volume 111, p. 176-187.

Glenn, J. & Gordon, T. (eds.) (2009). The Millennium Project: Futures Research Methodology, Version 3.0, Chapter 17: "Morphological Analysis", The Millennium Project.

Goel, A., Ganesh, L. & Kaur, A. (2019) Sustainability integration in the management of construction projects: A morphological analysis of over two decades' research literature, Journal of Cleaner Production, 236.

Goel, A., Baliga, A. J., Rangarajan, D., & Lussier, B. (2024). Technology use in B2B sales: examining the extant literature and identifying future research opportunities using morphological analysis. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2024.2362684

Gogu, G. (2005) "Evolutionary Morphology", in Bramley, A, Brissaud, D., Coutellier, D. & McMahon , C. (2005) Advances in Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering, Springer.

Gopalakrishnan, K. &Vijayalakshmi, V. (2014) Using Morphological Analysis for Innovation and Resource and Development: An Invaluable Tool for Entrepreneurship, Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Pune 2(1), pp. 28-36.

Govindarajan, H. & Ganesh L. (2021) A morphological analysis of energy policy analysis research, The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 16. Doi:10.1093/jwelb/jwab016.

Govindarajan, H. K. & Ganesh, L. S. (2022) Integrating energy governance and environmental justice: Role of renewable energy, Renewable Energy Focus 43, pp. 24-36.

Grant, D.P. (1977) "How to Construct a Morphological Box". Journal of Design Methods and Theories, Vol. 11, No. 3.

Grant, D.P. (1984) Creative idea production in architecture: The Morphological Approach, Design Methods Group, San Luis Obispo.

Gregory, S. A. "Morphological Methods: Antecedents and Associates." Technological Forecasting, Some Techniques. Symposium at Aston University, Birmingham, September 9 and 10, 1969.

Gregory, S.A. "The Shape of Ends and Means: Some Aspects of Morphological Analysis". Proceedings of ASLIB Conference, Oxford, U.K.(1974)

Groundstroem, F. (2023). Cross-border impacts of climate change affect the energy transition: Insights from the Finnish energy sector. Climatic Change. 176(11).

Gullhav, K. and Haskins, C. (2020), Engaging Mechanical Engineers in System Modeling. INCOSE International Symposium, 30: 356-372. Wiley Online Library: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2020.00727.x

Gustavi, T., Karasalo, M. & Mårtenson C. (2013) A Tool for Generating, Structuring, and Analyzing Multiple Hypotheses in Intelligence Work, 2013 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference, Uppsala. DOI: 10.1109/EISIC.2013.11.

Haanstra, W., Toxopeus, M. & van Gerrevink, M. (2017) Product life cycle planning for sustainable manufacturing: Translating theory into business opportunities, Procedia ClRP 61, pp. 46-51.

Haiko, H., Savchenko, I. & Matviichuk, O. (2019) Evaluating Construction Sites for Underground Parking Lots using Modified Morphological Analysis Method, in Bridges and Tunnels Theory Research Practice. DOI: 10.15802/bttrp2019/172373.

Haiko, H., Savchenko, I. & Matviichuk, O. (2019) Development of a morphological model for territorial development of underground city space, Naukovyi Visnyk NHU, No. 3. DOI: 10.29202/nvngu/2019-3/14.

Hall, Arthur D. "Three-Dimensional Morphology of Systems Engineering." IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics, April 1969, pp. 156-160.

Hariharan, T., Sharma, P. & Potdar, V. (2021). Morphological Analysis of General System- Environment Complexes: Representation and Application. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 38.

Hasib, N. et. al. (2023) Risk Mitigation and Monitoring Challenges in Software Organizations: A Morphological Analysis, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11(8):172-185

Haydo, P. (2018) "From Morphological Analysis to Optimizing Complex Industrial Operation Scenarios", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Heberl, M., Withelm, C., Kaul, A., Rank, D. & Sterner, M. (2024) Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Biological Methanation in a Trickle-Bed Pilot Plant and a Potential Scale-Up. Energies 2024, 17, 2206.

Heller, J., Löwer, M. & Feldhusen, J. (2016). Rethinking Morphological Analysis Application for Concept Synthesis in Engineering Design. Athens Journal of Technology & Engineering, 3(2), pp. 163-176.

Hernandez, A. (2023) Structuring Complex or Wicked Problems: A Multimethod Approach in Practice, Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Research Methodology in Business and Management, ECRM 2023.

Hernandez, A. & Pollman, A. (2021) Bounding the Solution Space of Complex Systems in Terms of NonNumeric and\or Uncontrollable Scenario Variables. Systems 9(89).

Hernandez, A. (2023) Structuring Complex or Wicked Problems: A Multimethod Approach in Practice, Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Research Methodology in Business and Management, ECRM 2023, pp. 77-86.

Hirota, T. et. al. (2023) Architecture-based scenario design methodology for platform-enabled circular economy business, Procedia CIRP 116, pp. 293-298.

Hoeborn, G. Et. al. (2022) Understanding Business Ecosystems Using a Morphology of Value Systems, Research-Technology Management, 65(5), pp. 44-53.

Hoolohan, C. , McLachlan, C, & Larkin, A. (2019) 'Aha' moments in the water-energy-food nexus: A new morphological scenario method to accelerate sustainable transformation, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 148.

Hosseini, M. & Heidari, S. (2022). General morphological analysis of Orosi windows and morpho butterfly wing's principles for improving occupant's daylight performance through interactive kinetic façade. Journal of Building Engineering. 59. 105027.

Huang, G. & Mak, K. (1999).Web-based morphological charts for concept design in collaborative product development. J. of Intell. Manuf. 10(3-4), pp. 267-278.

Hussain, N., Garvey, B. & Ritchey, T. (2013)"SWOT Analysis using General Morphological Analysis: Application to the Specials Sector for new Business Drivers", European Journal of Industrial Pharmacy, Volume 15.

Hussain, N., Jovanovic Popovic, D. & Milincic, M. (2018). Modelling the environmental concerns of constructing the Danube-Morava-Vardar-Thessaloniki Canal using General Morphological Analysis. Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 4(1), pp. 6-16.

Im, K & Cho, H (2013) "A systematic approach for developing a new business model using morphological analysis and integrated fuzzy approach", Expert Systems with Applications, 40(11).

Isakson, S. & Ritchey, T.: "Protection against Sabotage of Nuclear Facilities: Using Morphological Analysis in Revising the Design Basis Threat". Adapted from a Study for the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, and presented to the 44th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management - Phoenix, Arizona, July 2003 [Download PDF]

Isenmann, R., Landwehr-Zloch, S. & Zinn, S. (2020) Morphological box for ESD - landmark for universities implementing education for sustainable development (ESD), The International Journal of Management Education, 18(1).

Issac, A. C. & Issac, T. G. (2020) Unravelling the Nexus between neuroscience and leadership research - A biblio-morphological analysis, Management Decision 58(3) pp. 448-464.

Jambekar, A. & K. Pelc, I. (1988) An approach to morphological analysis of design/manufacturing problems, 1988 Engineering Management Conference, 'Engineering Leadership in the 90's'., Dayton, pp. 165-168, doi: 10.1109/IEMC.1988.34930.

Jamea, A., Jing, L., Peng, X., Li, J. & Jiang, S. (2023) Whist Game Cards Calibration Strategies-Based Technique for Conceptual Design Morphological Chart Refinement. Designs 7(4).

Jantsch, E. (1967) Technological forecasting in perspective, OECD, Paris.

Jimenez, H. & Mavris, D. (2010) "An Evolution of Morphological Analysis Applications in Systems Engineering", Proceedings of the 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Orlando, Florida.

Jimenez, H., Stults, I. & Mavris, D. (2009) "A Morphological Approach for Proactive Risk Management in Civil Aviation Security", Proceedings of the 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Orlando.

Johansen, I. (2016) 2nd International Symposium on General Morphological Analysis, Bilbao, Spain, FFI-NOTAT, Reisenotat 16/01358. [https://www.academia.edu/26748017. Accessed 2020-12-23]

Johansen, I. (2017) "Tiered Modelling - A Solution to Hyper-Coherent Morphological Models?", Acta Morphologica Generalis, 6(1).

Johansen, I. (2018) "Scenario Modelling with Morphological Analysis", in Ritchey, T. & Arciszewski, T. (Eds.)(2018) "General Morphological Analysis: Modelling, Forecasting, Innovation", Special Issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 126, Elsevier.

Jones, H. (1976). "Morphology and creativity in technological forecasting". R&D Management, Volume 6, Issue 3, pp. 125-130.

Junfang Guo, Xuefeng Wang, Qianrui Li, Donghua Zhu (2016), "Subject-action-object-based morphology analysis for determining the direction of technological change, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 105 (2016).

Jung, U., Lee, J., Choi, J.-Y., Yim, H.. Lee, M.-J. (2023) Future Service Robot Scenarios in South Korea. Sustainability 15, 15679.

Jureczko, M. (2020) Optimization of Stand-Alone Hybrid Solar-Wind System by Using General Morphological Analysis, INTECHOPEN, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90284.

Kannengiesser, U. (2009) "An Ontological Basis for Design Methods", in Undisciplined! Design Research Society Conference 2008, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield.

Kannengiesser, U., Williams, C. & Gero, J.S. (2013) "What Do the Concept Generation Techniques of Triz, Morphological Analysis and Brainstorming have in Common?", International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 13, Seoul.

Karachiwalla, R., & Pinkow, F. (2021) Understanding crowdsourcing projects: A review on the key design elements of a crowdsourcing initiative. Creativity and Innovation Management, 1–22.

Karabo Mpodi, E., Tjiparuro, Z. & and Matsebe, O. (2019) Development of a Dual Axis Solar Tracking Concept using Morphological Analysis, BIUST Research and Innovation Symposium 2019 (RDAIS 2019), Botswana International University of Science and Technology.

Kempf, J. (2015) "Visualizing General Morphological Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling", Department of Informatics and Mathematics, University of Passau

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